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引起阳痿的因素有哪些？ | What Factors Cause Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?

Posted on by Afrodisiak Kedai

阳痿（勃起功能障碍，ED）并非单一因素所致，而是生理、心理、生活方式及环境因素共同作用的结果。在新加坡，糖尿病高发、高压生活节奏和独特饮食文化可能加剧ED风险。本文以中英双语全面解析ED的诱发因素，并提供本土化应对策略。
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) results from a complex interplay of physical, psychological, and environmental factors. In Singapore, high diabetes rates, workplace stress, and local dietary habits may elevate ED risks. This bilingual article explores ED’s triggers and solutions.

1. 生理因素 | Physical Factors

a. 血管疾病 | Vascular Disorders

  • 动脉硬化：高血压、高胆固醇导致阴茎血流减少（新加坡心血管疾病占死亡原因31%^1）。
    Atherosclerosis: Hypertension and cholesterol narrow penile arteries (cardiovascular diseases cause 31% of deaths in Singapore^1).
  • 糖尿病：长期高血糖损害神经与血管（新加坡糖尿病患病率全球第二^2）。
    Diabetes: Chronic high blood sugar damages nerves and vessels (Singapore ranks 2nd globally in diabetes rates^2).

b. 荷尔蒙失衡 | Hormonal Imbalance

  • 低睾酮症：40岁以上男性中，20%睾酮水平低于正常值^3，导致性欲下降。
    Low Testosterone: 20% of men over 40 have suboptimal testosterone levels^3, reducing libido.
  • 甲状腺疾病：甲状腺功能异常干扰性激素分泌。
    Thyroid Dysfunction: Abnormal thyroid activity disrupts sex hormone production.

c. 神经损伤 | Nerve Damage

  • 脊髓损伤：交通事故或运动意外可能损伤勃起相关神经。
    Spinal Injuries: Accidents or sports injuries may damage erection-related nerves.
  • 慢性疾病：帕金森病、多发性硬化症影响神经信号传递。
    Neurological Disorders: Parkinson’s or multiple sclerosis impair nerve signaling.

2. 心理因素 | Psychological Factors

a. 慢性压力 | Chronic Stress

  • 职场高压：新加坡男性平均每周工作45.9小时^4，长期压力抑制睾酮分泌。
    Workplace Stress: Singaporean men work 45.9 hours weekly^4, suppressing testosterone.
  • 经济焦虑：住房贷款、育儿成本导致持续性心理负担。
    Financial Pressure: Housing loans and childcare costs create chronic anxiety.

b. 情绪障碍 | Emotional Disorders

  • 抑郁症：患者ED风险比常人高2倍，且抗抑郁药可能加重症状。
    Depression: Depressed individuals face double the ED risk; antidepressants may worsen symptoms.
  • 创伤经历：性侵或情感虐待导致性回避行为。
    Trauma: Sexual abuse or emotional trauma triggers sexual avoidance.

c. 表现焦虑 | Performance Anxiety

  • 初次性经验压力：青年男性因缺乏自信引发心理性ED循环。
    First-Time Anxiety: Lack of confidence in young men fuels psychological ED.
  • 完美主义倾向：对“理想表现”的过度追求反而导致失败恐惧。
    Perfectionism: Pressure for “perfect performance” breeds fear of failure.

3. 生活方式因素 | Lifestyle Factors

a. 吸烟与酗酒 | Smoking & Alcohol

  • 吸烟：每日吸烟>20支者ED风险增加65%^5。
    Smoking: Smoking >20 cigarettes/day raises ED risk by 65%^5.
  • 酗酒：酒精抑制中枢神经系统，降低勃起硬度。
    Heavy Drinking: Alcohol dulls nervous system responses, reducing erection firmness.

b. 肥胖与缺乏运动 | Obesity & Inactivity

  • 肥胖：新加坡37%男性超重^6，脂肪组织释放炎症因子损害血管。
    Obesity: 37% of Singaporean men are overweight^6; fat cells release inflammatory chemicals.
  • 久坐：每日久坐>8小时者ED风险增加30%。
    Sedentary Lifestyle: Sitting >8 hours/day increases ED risk by 30%.

c. 睡眠障碍 | Sleep Disorders

  • 睡眠呼吸暂停：缺氧导致血管内皮功能障碍，ED风险增加50%。
    Sleep Apnea: Oxygen deprivation damages blood vessels, raising ED risk by 50%.

4. 药物与医疗因素 | Medical & Medication Factors

  • 处方药副作用：抗抑郁药（SSRIs）、降压药（β受体阻滞剂）可能抑制勃起。
    Prescription Drugs: SSRIs and beta-blockers may impair erections.
  • 前列腺治疗：手术或放疗损伤控制勃起的神经血管束。
    Prostate Treatments: Surgery or radiation damages nerves and blood vessels.
  • 慢性疼痛管理：长期使用阿片类药物降低性欲与勃起能力。
    Chronic Pain: Long-term opioid use reduces libido and erectile function.