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导致男性阳痿的常见原因 | Common Causes of Erectile Dysfunction in Men

Posted on by Afrodisiak Kedai

阳痿（勃起功能障碍，ED）是男性无法获得或维持足够勃起的常见问题，全球约50%的40岁以上男性受其影响^1。在新加坡，快节奏生活、独特饮食文化及老龄化趋势使ED问题日益突出。本文以中英双语解析男性阳痿的常见原因，并提供科学应对建议。
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) refers to the inability to achieve or sustain an erection, affecting 50% of men over 40 globally^1. In Singapore, fast-paced lifestyles, dietary habits, and ageing populations exacerbate ED risks. This bilingual article explains common causes and solutions.

1. 生理原因 | Physical Causes

a. 血管功能障碍 | Vascular Issues

  • 动脉硬化：高血压、高胆固醇导致阴茎血流减少（新加坡心血管疾病患病率高达20%^2）。
    Atherosclerosis: Hypertension and high cholesterol reduce penile blood flow (20% of Singaporeans have cardiovascular disease^2).
  • 糖尿病：长期高血糖损害神经与血管（新加坡糖尿病患病率全球第二^3）。
    Diabetes: Chronic high blood sugar damages nerves and vessels (Singapore ranks 2nd globally in diabetes rates^3).

b. 荷尔蒙失衡 | Hormonal Imbalance

  • 睾酮不足：40岁后男性睾酮每年下降1%-2%，导致性欲减退。
    Low Testosterone: Testosterone declines 1%-2% annually after age 40, reducing libido.
  • 甲状腺疾病：甲状腺功能异常干扰性激素分泌。
    Thyroid Disorders: Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism disrupts hormone balance.

c. 神经损伤 | Nerve Damage

  • 脊髓损伤：交通事故或运动意外可能阻断勃起神经信号。
    Spinal Injuries: Accidents or sports injuries may block nerve signals.
  • 慢性疾病：帕金森病、多发性硬化症影响神经传导。
    Neurological Disorders: Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis impair nerve function.

2. 心理原因 | Psychological Causes

a. 慢性压力与焦虑 | Chronic Stress & Anxiety

  • 职场高压：新加坡男性平均每周工作45.9小时^4，压力抑制性激素分泌。
    Workplace Stress: Singaporean men work 45.9 hours weekly^4, suppressing sex hormones.
  • 经济负担：住房贷款、育儿成本引发持续性焦虑。
    Financial Burden: Housing loans and childcare costs create chronic anxiety.

b. 情绪障碍 | Emotional Disorders

  • 抑郁症：患者ED风险比常人高2倍，抗抑郁药可能加重症状。
    Depression: Depressed individuals face double the ED risk; antidepressants may worsen symptoms.
  • 创伤经历：性侵或情感虐待导致性回避行为。
    Trauma: Sexual abuse or emotional trauma triggers sexual avoidance.

c. 表现焦虑 | Performance Anxiety

  • 初次性经验压力：青年男性因缺乏自信陷入心理性ED循环。
    First-Time Anxiety: Lack of confidence in young men fuels psychological ED.
  • 完美主义倾向：对“理想表现”的追求反而引发失败恐惧。
    Perfectionism: Pressure for “perfect performance” breeds fear of failure.

3. 生活方式因素 | Lifestyle Factors

a. 吸烟与酗酒 | Smoking & Alcohol

  • 吸烟：每日吸烟>20支者ED风险增加65%^5。
    Smoking: Smoking >20 cigarettes/day raises ED risk by 65%^5.
  • 酗酒：酒精抑制中枢神经系统，降低勃起硬度。
    Heavy Drinking: Alcohol dulls nervous system responses, reducing erection firmness.

b. 肥胖与缺乏运动 | Obesity & Inactivity

  • 肥胖：新加坡37%男性超重^6，脂肪组织释放炎症因子损害血管。
    Obesity: 37% of Singaporean men are overweight^6; fat cells release inflammatory chemicals.
  • 久坐：每日久坐>8小时者ED风险增加30%。
    Sedentary Lifestyle: Sitting >8 hours/day increases ED risk by 30%.

c. 睡眠障碍 | Sleep Disorders

  • 睡眠呼吸暂停：缺氧导致血管内皮功能障碍，ED风险增加50%。
    Sleep Apnea: Oxygen deprivation damages blood vessels, raising ED risk by 50%.

4. 药物与医疗因素 | Medications & Medical Conditions

  • 处方药副作用：抗抑郁药（SSRIs）、降压药（β受体阻滞剂）可能抑制勃起。
    Prescription Drugs: SSRIs and beta-blockers may impair erections.
  • 前列腺治疗：手术或放疗损伤控制勃起的神经血管束。
    Prostate Treatments: Surgery or radiation damages nerves and blood vessels.
  • 慢性疼痛管理：长期使用阿片类药物降低性欲与勃起能力。
    Chronic Pain: Long-term opioid use reduces libido and erectile function.